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Movie Jargon


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Theres quite a lot of jargon with movies and i had this posted on the old forum before it went bye bye. So for those that are a little lost on what is what, here goes:

 

CAM
Unlike a TS this is not usally fixed, and is where someone will record a movie onto a video camera whilst they themselves are watching it. With the increased camera capabilities on smart phones this is getting easier and more popular and the quality is getting better, but this is the least preferred option for downloaders. You may as well wait a while and get a decent R5 or R6 or even a DVD rip. Some CAM's can ruin the movie experience if the quality of camera used is poor or there is background noise such as people eating popcorn, laughing or getting up in front of the camera etc.

TS, HDTS
TeleSync, HighDefTeleSync is where a film is recorded in a cinema professionally. ie, usually by a cinema attendee themselves when the film is being tested or staff previewed. It is filmed using a fixed camera on a tripod, and is often situated in a prime location, such as dead centre in the middle. Fixed cameras suffer from no shake and there will not be people getting up and walking round in front of the camera. With the onset of HD in Phones and Camera, many are now 720p or even 1080p, but remember the source is still CAM or TS, so its not going to be BD quality, merely a CAM filmed with a 720 or 1080 camera.

TeleCine / TCRip / TC / HDTC
A TeleCine is a copy captured from a film print using a machine that transfers the movie from its analog reel to digital format. Even though the process is the same as DVD rip (the technique is the same as digitizing the actual film to DVD). The result is inferior because the source material is usually a lower quality copy reel. Remember, the output will only ever be as good as the source. Telecine machines usually cause a slight left-right jitter in the picture and have inferior color levels compared to DVD, even the new HDTC machines are only along the same quality as an HDTS. TC's are increasingly rare, but HDTC's are becoming more popular as people sharing movies hope that HDTC will trick people into thinking its better quality than an HDTS, its not as its ultimately a cam with better quality.

PPVRip
This is Pay Per View Rip, from a hotel service etc. If its taken direct from source, it will be DVD quality, but if its filmed from the hotel room using a mobile phone or camera, then its a CAM. Pretty much the same rules apply here as VODRip.

WEBrip
Web Rip is usually when a movie is streamed on a website, or even movie on demand hosts, such as Lovefilm or Netflix etc and is saved directly to a hard-disk using specialist software, uploaded and shared. It is the same as a VODrip but the host of the movie may be a web only service. It should be the same quality as a DVDrip as its taken from source. However, some people take a TS of a WEBrip and still call it a WEBrip, its not its a CAM or TS. Any use of CAM or TS should be titled as such. If the original webcast is a TeleSync and its downloaded and shared, its still a TeleSync (TS) and not a WEBrip. WEBrip's are becoming more and more common as they are very vague. WEBrip doesnt really give you a clue to its source. A true WEBrip would be from say Netflix, but since Netflix movies are way after release dates, this is not the case nowadays. So usually, someone will film a movie using TS, share it on a streaming website. Then whoever downloads the stream and shares it, calls it a WEBrip, as they did indeed rip it from a streaming site. However, the source is still a TS, so it should be labelled as such. If you see a WEBrip that is NOT dvd quality, then its probably a HDTS, HDCAM, TS or CAM.

VODRip
Video-On-Demand Rip - This is a recording of a video/movie from an On-Demand service such as through a cable or satellite TV. A VODrip should be the same quality as a DVDrip as its taken from source, effectively like saving something to Sky+ and sharing the file from the drive. However, some people take a TS of a VODrip and still call it a VOD rip, its not its a CAM or TS. Any use of CAM or TS should be titled as such. For instance, filming a Video On Demand using your mobile phone, is not a VODrip, its a CAM.

WorkPrint
This is the movie studio's first cut of the project, often before it has got to the publisher. Although the quality is usually DVD quality, it is unfinished. So it may not include any CGI (which is later put in by Special FX dept) or may include different or working camera angles. You may see stuntmen instead of actors, and you may also see props that will be removed after editing. Not the best way to watch a film, but can sometimes be 'eye opening' as we never expect to see a film in this way. The most famous Workprint leak to date was the X-Men Wolverine movie which was leaked months before the film was released. It included the wires holding the actors up when they were doing their stunts and the CGI was just greyscale as it was unfinished. If you get the chance, The Wolverine workprint is worth watching just to see how a raw movie looks before it hits their studio's Special FX dept.

 

Wolverine Workprint Below - Link ok at 19 Feb 16

 

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R4, R5, R6 etc

R0 No Region Coding
R1 United States of America, Canada
R2 Europe, including France, Greece, Turkey, Egypt, Arabia, Japan and South Africa
R3 Korea, Thailand, Vietnam, Borneo and Indonesia
R4 Australia and New Zealand, Mexico, the Caribbean, and South America
R5 India, Africa, Russia and former USSR countries
R6 Peoples Republic of China
R7 Unused
R8 Airlines/Cruise Ships
R9 Expansion (often used as region free)

This is region coding, and will be DVD quality rip but was taken from a different region. For instance, R6 or Region 6 will be China, and therefore the film will either be dubbed in the local language or contain foreign subtitles. If the film is dubbed in foreign language, it is usually re-dubbed by the source with either sound from CAM or sound from a TS to bring it back into English audio etc. This will mean the video quality is DVD but the sound is CAM, and can have dubbing out of sync issues. If the source has foreign subtitles, this can sometimes be blurred to remove the distraction or cropped, removing up to 10% of the screen from the bottom.

Screener / DVD Screener
Some film studio's send 'preview' discs to reviewers or for award submissions. These are usually the same quality as DVDrip as that is the usual format on the disc that is sent out. Screeners often have "PROPERTY OF..." written on the bottom which will either be a permanent fixture or may appear every couple of minutes. Some Screeners also go black and white every 2-3 minutes for about 20 seconds. Very early screeners sometimes have characters names blanked out too as they have not yet got round to the "all names within this movie are purely fictional" legal statement.

DVDrip
This is still the most common format, and depending on size will be DVD quality. This is where someone has taken a DVD of the movie, ripped it to Xvid, MKV or MP4 or other and shared.

HDrip
This is a rip from an HD movie disc, this is slowly becoming more obsolete, but some people may call BDrips HDrips, the quality will be the same as a BDrip. Be mindful that some people will film a movie (either CAM or TS) but because they have used a Hi Def camera to do it, will call it an HDrip.

BDrip
This is the term given to a rip of a Bluray Disc, this is generally the highest quality as it will be HD. Although do bare in mind that it will depend on the size of the rip, for example, a 700mb Xvid BDrip will not be HD. Usually only MP4 or MKV version will be HD and they will be anything up to 4.7gb, some are even 8gb for the full screen 1080p rips.

3D - SBS - HSBS
3D rips will usuall be DVD or BD quality, depending on file size. A full 1080p 3D rip will likely be around 4.7gb, a 720p 3D rip could be around 2-3gb file size. These will only ever MP4 or MKV. DivX or .avi will not cope with the 3D interlace and would need to be about 40gb to cope. SBS means Side-By-Side, HSBS means Half-Side-By-Side. Half means they are DVD quality, SBS should be BD quality, again depending on file size. When you play a SBS or HSBS movie in normal non 3D mode the picture will be split down the middle and the film will play in both the left and right viewing pane. When your TV or PC or whatever (as long as its 3D capable) is put into 3D mode (it will need to have SBS capability too) it will interlace the two sides together. This will make it look blurred and motion strained until you put on your 3D glasses, then you will get perfect clarity and 3D image. However, be warned... there is software available that make a SBS out of any movie, which wont work, in fact it will hardly be 3D at all, some posters do this to get your download and when you watch it its awful in 3D. First rule of thumb is to check IMDB and make sure the film itself was made in 3D, then check user comments to see if there's a mention of it being true 3D and working perfectly. You can also get over/under rips for 3D, same rules apply, and the quality should similar. Please make sure your TV or whatever you're watching it on has SBS or Over-Under abilities

 

TELECINE (TC)
A telecine machine copies the film digitally from the reels. Sound and picture should be very good, but due to the equipment involved and telecines costs are fairly uncommon. Generally the film will be in correct aspect ratio, although 4:3 telecines have existed. TC should not be confused with TimeCode, which is a visible counter on screen throughout the film. Most R5 releases are Telecines.

Rx
Typically these are high quality Telecines intended for the East European market (released in Russian language only) to combat piracy in that region. Ironically, these movies then have the English audio track from another source (such as a CAM) dubbed over them and get released. Until recently these releases have been tagged as R5 but we're starting to see similar sources from other regions tagged as R3 or R6. The number is derived from the DVD region the source came from.

PROPER
Due to scene rules, whoever releases the first Telesync has won that race (for example). But if the quality of that release is fairly poor, if another group has another telesync (or the same source in higher quality) then the tag PROPER is added to the folder to avoid being duped. PROPER is the most subjective tag in the scene, and a lot of people will generally argue whether the PROPER is better than the original release. A lot of groups release PROPERS just out of desperation due to losing the race. A reason for the PROPER should always be included in the NFO.

LIMITED
A limited movie means it has had a limited theater run, generally opening in less than 250 theaters, generally smaller films (such as art house films) are released as limited, films (such as art house films) are released as limited.

INTERNAL
An internal release is done for several reasons. Classic DVD groups do a lot of .INTERNAL. releases, as they wont be dupe'd on it. Also lower quality theater rips are done INTERNAL so not to lower the reputation of the group, or due to the amount of rips done already. An INTERNAL release is available as normal on the groups affiliate sites, but they can't be traded to other sites without request from the site ops. Some INTERNAL releases still trickle down, it usually depends on the title and the popularity.

REPACK
If a group releases a bad rip, they will normally release a Repack which will fix the problem. The reason for the repack should be stated in the .nfo

NUKED
A release can be nuked for various reasons. Individual sites will nuke for breaking their rules (such as "No Telesyncs") but if the film has something extremely wrong with it (no soundtrack for 20mins or missing the ending for example) then a global nuke will occur, and people trading it across sites will lose their credits. Nuked films can still reach other sources such as p2p/usenet, but its a good idea to check why it was nuked first in case. If a group realise there is something wrong, they can request a nuke.

NUKE REASONS :: this is a list of common reasons a film can be nuked for (generally DVDRip)

** BAD A/R ** :: bad aspect ratio, ie people appear too fat/thin
** BAD IVTC ** :: bad inverse telecine. process of converting framerates was incorrect.
** INTERLACED ** :: black lines on movement as the field order is incorrect.

XviD
Xvid is a primary competitor of the DivX Pro Codec (Xvid being DivX spelled backwards). In contrast with the DivX codec, which is proprietary software developed by DivX, Inc., Xvid is free software distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License.[1] This also means that unlike the DivX codec, which is only available for a limited number of platforms[2], Xvid can be used on all platforms and operating systems for which the source code can be compiled. Xvid is a primary competitor of the DivX Pro Codec (Xvid being DivX spelled backwards). In contrast with the DivX codec, which is proprietary software developed by DivX, Inc., Xvid is free software distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License.

x264
x264 is a free software library for encoding video streams into the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC format. It is released under the terms of the GNU General Public License. x264 is typically used for encoding high definition video. Typically from HDTV or Blu-Ray. x264 files are also further denoted by either 720p or 1080p tags, which is the vertical resolution of the image. HDTV rips are normally 720p format whereas Blu-ray rips are often released in both 720p and 1080p (the latter requiring significantly more processing power to decode but offering a higher resolution).

DVD-R
Is the recordable DVD solution that seems to be the most popular (out of DVD-RAM, DVD-R and DVD+R). it holds 4.7gb of data per side, and double sided discs are available, so discs can hold nearly 10gb in some circumstances. SVCD mpeg2 images must be converted before they can be burnt to DVD-R and played successfully. DVD>DVDR copies are possible, but sometimes extras/languages have to be removed to stick within the available 4.7gb.

VCD
Scene rules require the releasing group to spread theatrical VCDs in .bin/.cue files that can be burned on a CD. Although often the CD size is dictated by the length of the movie or video. One movie typically uses two CDs, although length may force the release to be a 3 or 4 CD release. The source of these theatrical releases is typically analog, such as CAM, telecine or telesync releases (movies recorded by a camera in theatres, often with external audio sources). VCDs from other sources such as DVD, VHS, TV, Pay-Per-View specials, Porn or Anime may also be released in the .mpg or .asf format. DVD and VHS rips are only allowed if there was no screener released before. The first VCDs popped up in 1998. FTF and Immortal VCD are two groups that have released VCD movies.Because of its low quality, VCD releases declined in favor of SVCD and XviD. VCDs are often larger than these higher quality files, making VCDs even less attractive. VCDs once used for music videos got their own set of standards on October 1, 2002.

SVCD
Scene rules require the releasing group to spread SVCDs in .bin/.cue files, that fit on 700 MiB CDs. One movie typically uses two CDs, although length may force the release to be a 3 or 4 CD release. Content source is sometimes analog, such as Cam, Telecine or telesync releases. Also R5, DVDSCR or retail DVD is used as SVCD source.[13] The advantage of SVCD is that it can be played on any standalone DVD player, but when DivX-capable players are taking over the market and more bandwidth becomes available to download DVDRs, SVCD became obsolete. Around 2007, the stream of SVCD releases from the scene died out

RARset
The movies are all supplied in RAR form, whether its v2 (rar>.rxx) or v3 (part01.rar > partxx.rar) form.

NFO
An NFO file is supplied with each movie to promote the group, and give general iNFOrmation about the release, such as format, source, size, and any notes that may be of use. They are also used to recruit members and acquire hardware for the group.

SFV
Also supplied for each release is an SFV file. These are mainly used on site level to check each file has been uploaded correctly, but are also handy for people downloading to check they have all the files, and the CRC is correct. A program is required to use these files.

PAR
These parity files use a forward error correction-style system that can be used to perform data verification, and allow recovery when data is lost or corrupted. Using software such as QuickPAR you can use PAR files to repair a corrupt download. Note that downloading PAR files for a release can significantly increase the size of the download and the size of the PAR files is directly proportional to the size of RARset. Parity files are common in usenet posts, as a lot of times, there will be at least one or two damaged files on some servers.

HEVC
HEVC stands for high-efficiencyvideocoding. Also known as H.265, this new video codec will compress video files to half the size possible using the most-efficient current encoding format, MPEG-4, aka H.264 (used on Blu-ray discs and some satellite TV broadcasts). That will be one-quarter the size of files compressed using the MPEG 2 codec that most cable-TV companies still employ. More importantly, HEVC is used to compress video with 4K resolution — and possibly even 8K resolution in the future — so it can be efficiently delivered.

WEBCap
This is a rip created by capturing video from a DRM-enabled streaming service, such as Amazon Instant or Netflix. Quality can range from mediocre (comparable with low quality XVID encodes) to excellent (comparable with high quality BR encodes). Essentially, the quality of the image obtained depends on internet connection speed and the specifications of the recording machine.

WEB-DL
This is a movie or TV show downloaded via an online distribution website, such as iTunes. The quality is quite good since they are not re-encoded. The video (H.264) and audio (AC3/AAC) streams are usually extracted from the iTunes file and then remuxed into a MKV container without sacrificing quality. An advantage with these releases is that they mostly have no network logos on screen, just like BD/DVDRips.

DVB
Digital Video Broadcast - The standard for direct broadcast television in Europe and the US Based on MPEG2 Compression.

DSRip
Digital Satellite - Recorded from Digital Satellite, quality is similar to PDTV. Encoded in XviD.

PDTV (Pure Digital TV)
Other resolution digital recordings from source streams at a bitrate of 10+mbps or higher. It is a label given to files that were ripped directly from a purely digital source, having less resolution than HDTV. This is accomplished by using a TV tuner card capable of receiving Digital Video Broadcasts or C-Band. Encoded in XviD.

SDTV (Standard Digital Television)
Digital recording or capture from a source stream at any resolution with bitrate under 10mbps.This includes DirecTiVo but also captures from digisat or digicable with analog capture cards.

HC (Hard-Coded)
Hardcoded means the subtitles is etched on to the movie which cannot be disabled as it is a part of the movie.

HDCAM RIP
As the name suggest this is recorded using a HD camcorder, but instead of low end cam with low resolution or aspect ratio, HDCAM quality are nevertheless significantly better than a CAM version filmed from a cinema, TV or computer screen.

DDC – Digital distribution copy
This are same as Screeners but distributed digitally. Low quality than R5 but higher than CAM.


THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR...
People will always try and get a download out of you, and may give false information as to the quality of a film. For example, there are many R5 and R6's that are NOT dvd quality but should be. They are often a TS of an R5, to which case it should be titled TS. Filming a cinema screen in say China for instance, does not make it an R6, its still a TS or Cam.

Also people put "HD" in front of things, hoping it makes it more downloadable. For example HDCAM or HDTS, this is still a cam, its not an HD rip only filmed on an HD Camera, and by the time this has found its way online, ie, on say a Xvid download, it wont be HD anymore anyway.

Also some people say something is a screener when in fact its a CAM or TS of a screener. Many film studios nowadays invite reviewers to a special screener event and dont send out a DVD screener anymore. If this is filmed using a CAM or TS, its filming a screener and not an actual screener, so should be titled CAM or TS.

It is also worth remembering that regardless of source, its all about the quality of upload too... For example, a BDrip on about 300mb Xvid will be great quality at about 2"x3" on your screen, but watch full screen and it will become pixelated and unwatchable.

The best bet for a good honest movie format is an Xvid 700mb DVDrip, (.avi) this will be relatively quick to download, will work on all computers, TV's with USB ports, PS3, Xbox and DVD players with USB (or burnt to blank DVD disc) and will have good quality sound and be as close to DVD as you can get for the file size. Some prefer MKV as this is smaller in file size and can be upto 1080p in quality, but not all players will recognise this format and some files can be up to 8gb in size.

Regards

Shortie

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